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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Antibody Structure01:10

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
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Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis.

Michael C Tracy1, Caroline U A Okorie2, Elizabeth A Foley3

  • 1Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 770 Welch Road suite 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. mtracy@stanford.edu.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a fungal lung disease often underdiagnosed. New treatments show promise for managing ABPA with reduced toxicity compared to long-term steroids.

Keywords:
Aspergillus fumigatusasthmacystic fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a progressive fungal allergic lung disease complicating asthma and cystic fibrosis.
  • Pathogenesis involves Th2 immune deviation and granulocyte activation.
  • Under-diagnosis is common due to complex and non-standardized diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ABPA pathogenesis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges.
  • To discuss emerging and alternative treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ABPA pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of recent clinical trials and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • ABPA involves Th2 immunity and granulocyte activation.
  • Diagnostic criteria lack standardization, leading to under-diagnosis.
  • Newer treatments like oral azoles, inhaled amphotericin, and omalizumab show efficacy and reduced toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • ABPA requires better diagnostic standardization.
  • Novel therapeutic options offer alternatives to prolonged oral glucocorticosteroids.
  • Emerging treatments improve ABPA management with enhanced safety profiles.