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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Antibody Structure01:10

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
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Correction: Thaochan et al. Fungal-Infected Weeds: A Potential Source of Leaf Spot Disease in Rubber Trees from Southern Thailand. <i>J. Fungi</i> 2025, <i>11</i>, 220.

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Allergic Aspergillus Rhinosinusitis.

Arunaloke Chakrabarti1, Harsimran Kaur2

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India. arunaloke@hotmail.com.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a complex sinus disease affecting many globally. This review explores its definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, highlighting ongoing controversies and recent advancements.

Keywords:
Aspergillusallergydematiaceous fungidiagnosisepidemiologyfungal sinusitismanagementpathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a distinct form of chronic rhinosinusitis, prevalent in atopic individuals.
  • It is characterized by eosinophilic mucin and fungal elements within paranasal sinuses, without mucosal invasion.
  • AFRS presents global incidence variations and ongoing debates regarding its definition and cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of AFRS, addressing controversies in its definition and etiopathogenesis.
  • To summarize recent advancements in the diagnosis and management of AFRS.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on AFRS.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches including imaging, histopathology, mycology, and immunology.
  • Evaluation of current and potential management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Controversies persist regarding AFRS definition, with terms like EFRS and EMRS adding complexity.
  • Multiple hypotheses exist for AFRS pathogenesis, with recent research offering deeper insights.
  • Diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach; management often involves surgery and steroids, but optimal protocols are debated.

Conclusions:

  • AFRS remains a disease with unresolved questions regarding its etiology and precise definition.
  • Multidisciplinary diagnostic strategies are crucial for accurate identification.
  • While current management includes surgery and steroids, the efficacy of antifungals and immunomodulators requires further investigation.