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Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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A Silk Cranial Fixation System for Neurosurgery.

Keyin Liu1, Zhifeng Shi2, Shaoqing Zhang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel silk cranial fixation system demonstrates long-term stability and biocompatibility in animal models. This silk implant offers a safe and effective alternative for cranial reconstruction in neurosurgery.

Keywords:
cranial fixationneurosurgerysilk fibroin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neurosurgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Current cranial fixation methods present challenges regarding safety, reliability, and imaging compatibility.
  • Protein-based materials offer a promising avenue for developing advanced fixation devices.
  • Degradable and biocompatible fixation is crucial for improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the preclinical development and in vivo efficacy of a silk-based cranial fixation system.
  • To evaluate the long-term stability, biocompatibility, and imaging compatibility of the silk system.
  • To compare the silk fixation system against the current gold standard for cranial reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • A silk cranial fixation system was developed and tested in rodent and canine models.
  • Long-term studies (up to 12 months) assessed device performance and tissue integration.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility and radiotherapy tolerance were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The silk fixation system demonstrated excellent long-term stability for cranial flap fixation and bone healing.
  • The system exhibited good magnetic resonance imaging compatibility.
  • The silk material showed high tolerability to high-dose radiotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • The silk cranial fixation system shows significant promise for clinical application in neurosurgery.
  • This degradable, biocompatible system offers a favorable alternative to current fixation methods.
  • Further clinical translation is warranted based on preclinical efficacy and safety data.