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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Precise Liquid Transport on and through Thin Porous Materials.

Souvick Chatterjee1, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra1,2, Ali Ibrahim1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|January 30, 2018
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Summary

Researchers engineered porous paper towels to control liquid flow direction using wettability patterns. This enables precise microvolume fluid transport, with one mode demonstrating controlled lateral flow while keeping the top surface dry.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Porous substrates exhibit both lateral and transversal fluid transport capabilities.
  • Spatial wettability patterning offers a method to control fluid transport directionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate different wettability pattern designs for achieving controlled 3D fluid transport in porous substrates.
  • To analyze a specific mode of fluid transport with lateral flow on the bottom surface and a dry top surface.
  • To develop and validate an analytical model for predicting droplet behavior during transport.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of various wettability patterns on a high-density paper towel.
  • Dispensing and observing microvolumes of liquid as droplets.
  • Developing an analytical model to describe the temporal changes in penetrating drop shape.
  • Comparing model predictions with experimental measurements.

Main Results:

  • Different wettability patterns enabled distinct 3D fluid transport schemes.
  • Precise transport of metered liquid microvolumes was achieved on the surface and through the substrate.
  • A specific mode demonstrated effective lateral transport along the bottom surface, maintaining a dry top surface.
  • The analytical model accurately predicted the temporal drop shape variations, aligning with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial wettability patterning is an effective strategy for directing fluid transport in porous materials.
  • The developed analytical model successfully captures the key fluid transport mechanisms.
  • This research provides a foundation for designing advanced fluidic devices using patterned porous substrates.