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Mapping of ribosomal 23S ribosomal RNA modifications in Clostridium sporogenes.

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Combined Effect of the Cfr Methyltransferase and Ribosomal Protein L3 Mutations on Resistance to Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics.

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The cfr and cfr-like multiple resistance genes.

Birte Vester1

  • 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.

Research in Microbiology
|January 30, 2018
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Summary

The Cfr methyltransferase enzyme confers multi-drug resistance in bacteria by modifying ribosomes, hindering antibiotic binding. This widespread resistance mechanism is found in various bacteria and environments, posing a significant public health threat.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCfrCfr-like enzymesRNA methylation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • The Cfr methyltransferase enzyme modifies bacterial ribosomes.
  • This modification impedes the binding of numerous antibiotics that target the peptidyl transferase center.
  • This confers multi-drug resistance to eight classes of clinically and veterinarily important antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of antibiotic resistance conferred by the Cfr methyltransferase.
  • To understand the prevalence and distribution of the cfr gene in various bacterial species and environments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA methylation in bacterial ribosomes.
  • Investigation of antibiotic binding assays.
  • Molecular detection and characterization of the cfr gene in bacterial isolates from diverse geographical locations, including clinical, veterinary, and environmental samples (harbors, food markets).

Main Results:

  • The Cfr enzyme's RNA methylation activity was confirmed to inhibit antibiotic binding.
  • The cfr gene confers resistance to eight classes of antibiotics, including those in clinical use.
  • The cfr gene is widespread across various bacterial species and geographical locations, found on plasmids and transposons.
  • Cfr-related resistance genes have been identified in pathogens like Clostridium difficile and Enterococcus faecium.
  • The cfr gene has been detected in environmental samples such as harbors and food markets.

Conclusions:

  • The Cfr methyltransferase is a significant mechanism for bacterial multi-drug resistance.
  • The widespread presence of the cfr gene in clinical, veterinary, and environmental settings highlights a substantial public health concern.
  • The identification of cfr genes in pathogens and environmental niches necessitates ongoing surveillance and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.