Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

Physiological Barriers

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Light as Energy

Light as Energy

The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
Photons
A photon is a discrete electromagnetic particle or bundle of energy. Photons are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, similar to the properties of a wave. Waves with higher frequencies transmit more energy and have shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths that transmit...

The Physiology of Taste

The Physiology of Taste

The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...

Liver Physiology

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Associations Between Carotenoid Status, Visual Outcomes and Cognitive Metrics in Children: A Scoping Review.

Nutrients·2026

Same author

A retrospective cohort study of operated older patients undergoing lung resection after PFT-based versus CPET-based preoperative stratification.

Translational lung cancer research·2026

Same author

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese revised Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests in children with amblyopia.

PeerJ·2026

Same author

MicroRNA-125a-5p promotes NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis in endothelial cells during Kawasaki disease.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Enhancing access and clinical triage in primary eye care through digital vision testing: validation of the SightConnect mobile application.

Frontiers in digital health·2026

Same author

"Pseudo coffee bean sign" without sigmoid volvulus: A case report and literature review.

Medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Harvest of Vestibular End-Organs under Physiologic Conditions during Labyrinthectomy

Harvest of Vestibular End-Organs under Physiologic Conditions during Labyrinthectomy

Published on: November 29, 2024

Physiologic anisocoria under various lighting conditions.

Ryan P Steck¹, Min Kong², Kaydee L McCray³

¹Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, CA, USA.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

|January 31, 2018

Summary

Anisocoria, or unequal pupil size, is common in healthy individuals across various light conditions. A difference of at least 0.6 mm is recommended to identify true physiologic anisocoria and avoid false positives.

Keywords:

anisocoria pupil diameter pupillometry

More Related Videos

Slicing and Culturing Pig Hearts under Physiological Conditions

Slicing and Culturing Pig Hearts under Physiological Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2020

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Harvest of Vestibular End-Organs under Physiologic Conditions during Labyrinthectomy

Harvest of Vestibular End-Organs under Physiologic Conditions during Labyrinthectomy

Published on: November 29, 2024

Slicing and Culturing Pig Hearts under Physiological Conditions

Slicing and Culturing Pig Hearts under Physiological Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2020

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Optometry
Neuroscience

Background:

Anisocoria, the unequal size of the pupils, can be a sign of various neurological or ocular conditions.
Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of physiologic anisocoria in healthy individuals is crucial for accurate clinical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the measurement of anisocoria in healthy subjects under scotopic, mesopic, and photopic lighting conditions.
To determine the optimal pupil diameter difference threshold for identifying physiologic anisocoria.

Main Methods:

Pupil diameters of 126 healthy subjects were measured using an infrared pupillometer under photopic conditions.
A subgroup of 51 subjects had pupil measurements taken under scotopic (0 lux), low mesopic (0.3 lux), and high mesopic (3 lux) conditions.
Anisocoria was defined as a ≥0.4 mm difference in pupil diameter; thresholds were adjusted to ≥0.2 mm and ≥0.6 mm.

Main Results:

23.8% of subjects showed anisocoria under photopic conditions.
Prevalence of anisocoria increased under low light: 43.1% in scotopic and 43.1% in low mesopic, 47.1% in high mesopic conditions.
Approximately 73% exhibited anisocoria in at least one condition, but only 8% in all conditions. A ≥0.6 mm threshold minimized false positives.

Conclusions:

Physiologic anisocoria is prevalent across different lighting conditions.
To accurately diagnose physiologic anisocoria, it should be consistently present under all tested lighting conditions.
A pupil diameter difference threshold of ≥0.6 mm is suggested to reduce false positives in identifying true anisocoria.