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Brain Atrophy and Hypomyelination Associated with Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome in an Infant

Sumeyra Dogan1, Mehmet S Dogan1, Filiz Tutunculer2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Radiology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology
|January 31, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Prolonged topical corticosteroid use in infants can rarely cause Cushing syndrome. This case highlights potential brain atrophy and myelination delays linked to this condition in an infant.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Topical corticosteroids are widely used for inflammatory skin conditions.
  • Prolonged and extensive use, especially in infants, carries risks.
  • Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is a potential, though rare, complication.

Observation:

  • A 5-month-old infant presented with concerning neurological symptoms.
  • The infant had a history suggestive of prolonged topical corticosteroid application.
  • Cranial MRI revealed brain atrophy and delayed myelination.

Findings:

  • The observed neurological abnormalities were potentially linked to iatrogenic Cushing syndrome.
  • This suggests a possible causal relationship between topical corticosteroid overuse and CNS development issues.
  • The infant's presentation underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring.

Implications:

  • This case emphasizes the need for careful prescribing and monitoring of topical corticosteroids in pediatric populations.
  • Early recognition of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is crucial for preventing severe outcomes.
  • Further research may be warranted to understand the neurodevelopmental impact of corticosteroid-induced Cushing syndrome.

Keywords:
Brain atrophyDiaper dermatitisIatrogenic Cushing’s syndromeMagnetic resonance imagingMyelination

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