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Sleep Disturbance and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review.

Abbey J Hughes1, Katherine M Dunn2,3, Trisha Chaffee2

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Sleep disturbance is linked to cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective sleep measures predict attention and processing speed deficits, suggesting sleep assessments are vital for MS care and potential treatment targets.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
  • Cognitive dysfunction is a common and debilitating symptom in MS.
  • Sleep disturbances are frequently reported by individuals with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the association between sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction in MS.
  • To examine how different assessment methodologies impact findings.
  • To discuss implications for future research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 12 studies investigating sleep disturbance and cognitive function in MS.
  • Analysis of associations based on self-reported vs. objective sleep measures.
  • Evaluation of cognitive domain-specific relationships (processing speed, attention, memory, executive function).

Main Results:

  • All reviewed studies found significant links between sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction in MS.
  • Self-reported sleep issues predicted self-reported cognitive problems, but not objective measures.
  • Objective sleep measures (polysomnography, actigraphy) predicted objective impairments in processing speed and attention.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disturbance is a significant factor associated with cognitive dysfunction in MS.
  • Objective sleep assessment is crucial for understanding cognitive impairments in MS.
  • Treating sleep disturbances may improve cognitive function and slow decline in MS patients.