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Evaluation of primary stability in modified implants: Analysis by resonance frequency and insertion torque
Plínio Sciasci1, Nicole Casalle2, Luís Geraldo Vaz2
1Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research
|January 31, 2018
Summary
Geometric modifications to the apex of dental implants significantly impact insertion torque and primary stability. Specifically, quadri-split cut (Qs) implants demonstrated increased insertion torque, while both control and Qs groups showed comparable primary stability.
Area of Science:
- Dental Implantology
- Biomaterials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
Background:
- The macrogeometry of dental implants is a critical factor influencing primary stability and osseointegration.
- Understanding how geometric variations affect implant performance is essential for improving clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanical behavior of dental implants with geometric modifications in the apical region.
- To evaluate the impact of different apical cuts on insertion torque and primary stability in vitro.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-five cylindrical dental implants were machined with varying apical cuts: without cut (Wc), bi-split, tri-split, and quadri-split (Qs).
- A control group (n=7) with no modifications was included for comparison.
- Implants were inserted into artificial bone blocks, and mechanical behavior was assessed using insertion torque and resonance frequency (ISQ values).
- Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test (P<.05).
Main Results:
- Implants with quadri-split (Qs) geometry and the control group exhibited a significant increase in insertion torque (P<.001).
- The greatest resonance frequency (ISQ) values, indicating higher primary stability, were observed in the without cut (Wc) and control groups.
- No significant difference in ISQ values was found between the control and Qs groups.
Conclusions:
- Geometric modifications at the apical third of dental implants significantly influence insertion torque and primary stability.
- The quadri-split (Qs) geometry shows potential for enhancing insertion torque while maintaining comparable primary stability to conventional designs.
- Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of these findings.
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