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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

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Review: Vascular dementia: clinicopathologic and genetic considerations

H V Vinters1, C Zarow2, E Borys3,4

  • 1Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
|January 31, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk rise with age, often co-occurring in the aging brain. Understanding CVD

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence and severity increase with age.
  • Heterogeneous forms of CVD, including angiopathies from risk factors and AD-linked cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), coexist with AD in the aging brain.
  • Morphologic consequences of CVD, such as infarcts and hemorrhages, cause neurocognitive decline mimicking AD, detectable via neuroimaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease in the aging brain.
  • To investigate the pathogenesis of microvascular disease, including AD-related CAA.
  • To understand the subtle effects of CVD, such as neuroinflammation and biochemical lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and aging.
  • Analysis of neuropathological findings in geriatric subjects.
  • Examination of genetically determined microangiopathies as models for sporadic vascular disease.

Main Results:

  • CVD and AD frequently coexist in aging brains, with vascular abnormalities often detectable by neuroimaging.
  • Subtle CVD effects like neuroinflammation and biochemical lesions may escape morphological detection.
  • Genetically determined microangiopathies offer insights into sporadic microvascular disease and AD-related CAA pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrovascular disease significantly impacts the aging brain, contributing to neurocognitive decline and potentially mimicking AD.
  • Understanding the interplay between vascular factors and AD is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Genetically determined microangiopathies serve as valuable models for elucidating the mechanisms of sporadic cerebrovascular diseases.

Keywords:
CADASILCARASILcerebralcerebroretinal vasculopathiesischaemic vascular dementiamicroinfarctsstroke

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