[Streptozotocin induced diabetes rat models].

Area of Science:

• Diabetology
• Experimental Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Chemical compounds offer alternatives to genetic models for diabetes research.
• Choosing a diabetes model (type 1 or 2) depends on research objectives like pharmacological testing or mechanistic studies.
• Genetic models are costly and complex, necessitating the development of non-genetic alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review chemical models for diabetes, focusing on alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ).
• To evaluate STZ-induced models, particularly for type 2 diabetes, considering factors like diet and nicotinamide pre-treatment.
• To highlight the utility of STZ models in screening antidiabetic substances for preclinical and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Review of established chemical diabetogenic compounds, primarily alloxan and STZ.
• Analysis of studies utilizing STZ injections in rodents to simulate type 2 diabetes.
• Examination of combined approaches, including STZ with high-fat or high-fructose diets, and nicotinamide pre-treatment.

Main Results:

• Alloxan and STZ are widely used chemical inducers for type 1 and type 2 diabetes models, respectively.
• STZ injection, especially when combined with high-fat or high-fructose diets, effectively simulates type 2 diabetes in rodents.
• Nicotinamide pre-treatment can refine STZ models to better represent type 2 diabetes characteristics.

Conclusions:

• STZ-based models are essential for screening antidiabetic compounds in vivo.
• These chemical models provide a cost-effective and efficient platform for preclinical evaluation of potential therapeutics.
• Chemical diabetes modeling, particularly with STZ, is a vital step before clinical trials for new antidiabetic products.