[Nutritional status of patients with different types of gastroesophageal reflux disease]

The aim of the study was to assess dietary intake in patients with erosive (ERD) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). One hundred and sixty seven patients (103 women and 64 men, mean age 47±13,6 years) were divided according to symptoms and endoscopic findings into three groups: 88 patients with NERD, 38 patients with ERD and 41 healthy controls. Symptoms were scored by validated GERDQ questionnaire, dietary intake was assessed by validated food questionnaire and 24-h pH/impedance monitoring was used for confirmation of pathological reflux. All groups were homogenous by age and sex, both NERD and ERD patients demonstrated higher BMI (28.1±6.5 vs 28.4±6.1 kg/m2) in compare to the patients from control group (24.3±2.8 kg/m2). Average daily calorie intake was higher in patients with NERD and ERD (2579±854 vs 2467±710 kcal/day) in compare to the control group (2093±696 kcal/day) due to increased consumption of fat (121±52 vs 112±52 g/day) and carbohydrates (244±88 vs 216±64 g/day) consequently. Consumption of dietary fiber was low in all groups in compare to recommended daily allowance, but even lower in NERD and ERD patients in compare to control (6.0±3.8 g/day vs 5.2±4.8 g/day vs 9.45±5.6 g/day). There was direct correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and average energy consumption (R=0.23, p<0.05) and daily total fat consumption (R=0.21, p<0.05), but inverse correlation with consumption of dietary fiber (R=-0.23, p<0.05). Consumption of alcohol was higher in NERD patients in compare with ERD patients and control group (1.2±4.9 vs 0.2±2.6 vs 0±0.87 g/day), but generally it was low. Total daily number of refluxes as well as number of acid refluxes were highly correlated with daily consumption of energy (R=0.35, p<0.05; R=0.35, p<0.05), fat (R=0.33, p<0.05; R=0.32, p<0.05) and protein (R=0.3, p<0.05; R=0.25, p<0.05), however inverse correlation was found between total number of refluxes and consumption of fibers (R=-0.22, p<0.05). There was no correlation between consumption of carbohydrates or alcohol and total number of refluxes or acid refluxes. In conclusion, GERD is associated with higher BMI, increased consumption of calories and fat and low consumption of dietary fiber. Total number of refluxes is related to consumption of fat and fibers. No association with consumption of carbohydrates or alcohol was found. These findings need to be taken in account for prescription of diet to GERD patients.