Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

585
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
585
Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

14.0K
How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
14.0K
Optimization Problems01:26

Optimization Problems

85
Optimization problems often involve identifying maximum or minimum values under specific constraints. A well-known example is determining the longest horizontal pipe that can be moved around a right-angled corner, where a 3-meter-wide hallway meets a 2-meter-wide hallway. This scenario, common in architectural design and industrial transport, can be understood conceptually through geometric and trigonometric reasoning.To visualize the problem, consider the pipe as a straight line that touches...
85
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

480
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
480
Optimal Arousal Theory01:23

Optimal Arousal Theory

901
The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
901
Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

248
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
248

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond attention: methylphenidate reduces dishonesty in healthy adults.

Psychopharmacology·2026
Same author

From conflict to control: Responsiveness to food-related conflict predicts healthy eating.

Appetite·2026
Same author

Becoming Speciesist: How Children and Adults Differ in Valuing Animals by Species and Cognitive Capacity.

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2025
Same author

Will Human-Animal Chimeras Cause Moral Confusion? Exploring Public Attitudes.

Journal of bioethical inquiry·2025
Same author

Cultural Differences in Vicarious Optimism.

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2025
Same author

The need for an empirical research program regarding human-AI relational norms.

AI and ethics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

14.4K

Concern for Others Leads to Vicarious Optimism.

Andreas Kappes1, Nadira S Faber2,3, Guy Kahane3

  • 11 Department of Psychology, City, University of London.

Psychological Science
|January 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

People exhibit vicarious optimism, showing an optimistic learning bias not only for themselves but also for others. This bias, stemming from concern for others, influences beliefs about their future welfare.

Keywords:
altruismlearning biasopen dataopen materialsoptimismother-regarding preferencespreregistered

More Related Videos

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
04:42

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

15.2K
Author Spotlight: Optimization of Performance Parameters of the TAGGG Telomere Length Assay
08:23

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Performance Parameters of the TAGGG Telomere Length Assay

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
04:16

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II

Published on: June 20, 2020

14.4K
Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
04:42

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

15.2K
Author Spotlight: Optimization of Performance Parameters of the TAGGG Telomere Length Assay
08:23

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Performance Parameters of the TAGGG Telomere Length Assay

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • An optimistic learning bias, where individuals favor positive news, is linked to self-concern.
  • This bias leads people to update beliefs based on good news but ignore bad news.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if an optimistic learning bias extends to beliefs about others' futures.
  • To determine if concern for others drives this vicarious optimism.

Main Methods:

  • Participants predicted the likelihood of negative future events for themselves and others (friends, strangers).
  • Correlational analysis examined the link between vicarious optimism and generosity.
  • Experimental manipulation increased concern for strangers to assess its impact on vicarious optimism.

Main Results:

  • Participants displayed an optimistic learning bias for themselves and showed vicarious optimism for friends and strangers.
  • Vicarious optimism for strangers correlated positively with generosity towards them.
  • Increased concern for strangers amplified vicarious optimism concerning them.

Conclusions:

  • Concern for others can bias beliefs about their future welfare, demonstrating vicarious optimism.
  • Optimistic learning is not limited to self-concern but extends to how we perceive others' futures.
  • This bias highlights the interconnectedness of self-concern, social concern, and belief formation.