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Polaronic behavior in a weak-coupling superconductor.

Adrian G Swartz^1,2,3, Hisashi Inoue^4,2,3, Tyler A Merz^4,3

¹Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; aswartz@stanford.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|February 1, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Superconductivity in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) arises from unconventional electron-phonon interactions. Despite strong coupling, the highest energy phonon doesn't dominate pairing, revealing insights into this unique superconductor.

Keywords:

electronic structure oxide interface polaron superconductivity

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Materials

Background:

The mechanism of superconductivity in dilute semiconductors like strontium titanate (SrTiO3) remains unexplained for over 50 years.
Extremely low carrier densities suggest unconventional superconductivity beyond standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and Migdal-Eliashberg (ME) theories.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the electronic structure and electron-phonon interactions in Nb-doped SrTiO3.
Determine the role of phonon modes in the unconventional superconductivity of SrTiO3.
Explore superconductivity across a broad range of parameters in SrTiO3.

Main Methods:

Utilized a novel method for engineering band alignments at oxide interfaces.
Employed high-resolution tunneling spectroscopy to probe the electronic structure.
Measured superconducting gap and electron-phonon coupling strength.

Main Results:

Observed strong electron coupling to the highest-energy longitudinal optic (LO) phonon branch.
Estimated the doping evolution of the dimensionless electron-phonon interaction strength.
Identified a single superconducting gap in the weak-coupling BCS limit upon cooling below the critical temperature.

Conclusions:

The highest LO phonon is not the primary driver of superconductivity in SrTiO3, despite strong normal-state electron coupling.
SrTiO3 serves as a crucial model system for studying superconductivity under diverse conditions.
Unconventional superconductivity in SrTiO3 can be explored across varying carrier densities and electron-phonon coupling strengths.