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MicroRNAs as regulators of cisplatin-resistance in non-small cell lung carcinomas

Irina Fadejeva1, Horst Olschewski1,2, Andelko Hrzenjak1,2

  • 1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Oncotarget
|February 1, 2018
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) impact cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hypoxia-deregulated miRNAs are key factors in developing CDDP resistance, influencing treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death, often diagnosed at late, inoperable stages.
  • Platinum-based chemotherapy, like cisplatin (CDDP), is a primary treatment, but drug resistance and hypoxia limit efficacy.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression and cellular processes, often deregulated in NSCLC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA roles in CDDP resistance in NSCLC.
  • To highlight miRNAs deregulated by hypoxia and their contribution to CDDP resistance.
  • To elucidate miRNA-mediated biological processes in NSCLC, focusing on CDDP resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNAs, CDDP resistance, and hypoxia in NSCLC.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in NSCLC and their correlation with treatment response.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on miRNA-mediated mechanisms of CDDP resistance.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs significantly influence the development of CDDP resistance in NSCLC.
  • Hypoxia is a critical microenvironmental factor that deregulates specific miRNAs, promoting CDDP resistance.
  • Understanding these miRNA alterations is crucial for predicting and overcoming treatment resistance.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are key regulators of CDDP resistance in NSCLC, particularly under hypoxic conditions.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs or pathways affected by hypoxia may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into miRNA function in NSCLC can improve treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
Keywords:
NSCLCchemotherapycisplatin resistancehypoxiamicroRNA

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