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Apoplexy in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg1,2, Andrea Glezer3, Marcello D Bronstein3

  • 1Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, 9° andar - Setor 9F - Sala de Pesquisa em Neuroendocrinologia, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.

Pituitary
|February 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary apoplexy, a rare event from pituitary adenoma bleeding or infarction, presents with sudden headache and vision loss. Prompt diagnosis via MRI and hormonal evaluation guides management for a generally positive outcome.

Keywords:
ApoplexyNonfunctioning pituitary adenomasPituitary apoplexy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical emergency involving infarction or hemorrhage of a pituitary adenoma.
  • It most frequently affects nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas and can be precipitated by various factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of pituitary apoplexy, including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pituitary apoplexy.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging (MRI) patterns and hormonal evaluation protocols.
  • Discussion of treatment strategies, including surgical and conservative options.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary apoplexy typically presents with sudden severe headache, visual disturbances, and potential hormonal deficits.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging is crucial for diagnosis, revealing characteristic changes over time.
  • While the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, precipitating factors are identified in a significant portion of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Pituitary apoplexy requires prompt diagnosis and management by a multidisciplinary team.
  • Both surgical and conservative treatments can lead to favorable outcomes, with ongoing surveillance recommended.
  • Understanding precipitating factors and clinical presentation aids in timely intervention for pituitary apoplexy.