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Related Concept Videos

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Comparative Genomics of Clostridium difficile.

Sandra Janezic1,2, Julian R Garneau3,4, Marc Monot5,6,7

  • 1National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food (NLZOH), Maribor, Slovenia.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Comparative genomics reveals insights into Clostridium difficile population structure, transmission, and evolution. These findings aid in understanding hospital-acquired infections and improving infection control strategies.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasEpidemiologyEvolutionGenomicsNontoxigenic strainsRecurrenceTransmission

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile is a primary cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea.
  • Next-generation sequencing has enabled large-scale genome analysis of C. difficile.
  • Comparative genomics offers powerful tools for studying bacterial populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent findings in C. difficile research using comparative genomics.
  • To highlight the implications of these findings for epidemiology, infection control, and evolutionary studies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic approaches applied to C. difficile genome sequences.
  • Analysis of population structure, global transmission, and recurrence patterns.
  • Targeted studies on specific genetic systems like PaLoc and CRISPR/Cas.

Main Results:

  • Comparative genomics has elucidated the population structure of C. difficile.
  • These methods facilitate studies on transmission dynamics and infection recurrence.
  • Insights into specific genetic elements influencing C. difficile biology have been gained.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative genomics is crucial for understanding Clostridium difficile.
  • Findings have significant implications for managing hospital-acquired infections.
  • Genomic approaches enhance our understanding of C. difficile evolution and control.