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Related Concept Videos

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Clostridium difficile Biofilm.

Claudia Vuotto1, Gianfranco Donelli2, Anthony Buckley3

  • 1Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. c.vuotto@hsantalucia.it.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 1, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a growing threat due to antibiotic resistance. Biofilm formation by C. difficile complicates treatment and increases recurrence risk, necessitating new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
AdhesionBiofilmClostridium difficileEPS matrixGenetic factors

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant healthcare-associated disease globally.
  • Antibiotic use can lead to C. difficile colonization and subsequent infection.
  • Increasing antibiotic resistance complicates CDI treatment and promotes pathogen persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of C. difficile biofilm in CDI pathogenesis and persistence.
  • To review the mechanisms of C. difficile biofilm formation.
  • To evaluate current antibiotic efficacy against biofilm-forming strains and explore alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on C. difficile biofilm formation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating biofilm's role in CDI.
  • Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility in biofilm models.

Main Results:

  • Gut colonization and biofilm formation are implicated in CDI pathogenesis and persistence.
  • Biofilm growth enhances bacterial resistance, reducing antibiotic effectiveness.
  • The precise mechanisms of C. difficile biofilm formation and its full impact on CDI require further elucidation.

Conclusions:

  • C. difficile biofilm poses a significant challenge in CDI treatment and recurrence.
  • Understanding biofilm mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapies.
  • Novel antimicrobial strategies are needed to combat biofilm-associated CDI.