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Thyroid function in young children with Down syndrome.

A T Cutler, R Benezra-Obeiter, S J Brink

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Children with Down syndrome frequently experience transient thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevations, necessitating routine thyroid function tests (TFTs). Early screening for hypothyroidism in this population is crucial for timely intervention.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Endocrinology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction.
    • Hypothyroidism screening is standard in infants with Down syndrome due to potential developmental impacts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate thyroid function test (TFT) patterns in young children with Down syndrome.
    • To compare TFTs in Down syndrome patients with age-matched controls.
    • To determine the prevalence and nature of thyroid abnormalities in this cohort.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of TFTs in 49 children with Down syndrome (4 months to 3 years).
    • Comparison with age-matched controls undergoing screening for hypothyroidism.
    • Analysis of congenital hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, TSH, and thyroxine levels.

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    Main Results:

    • Three children (6%) had congenital hypothyroidism, with associated gastrointestinal anomalies in all three.
    • Twenty-seven percent showed mildly elevated TSH with normal thyroxine levels.
    • Transient TSH elevations were common, irrespective of initial TSH values.

    Conclusions:

    • Routine neonatal and sequential thyroid screening is essential for young children with Down syndrome.
    • Transient TSH elevations are a common finding in this group.
    • Early detection of thyroid dysfunction is critical for managing developmental outcomes.