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Related Concept Videos

Tension01:10

Tension

14.0K
Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
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Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

59.9K
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a...
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor
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Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor

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Tension pneumoperitoneum.

Giovanni Ferrara1, Venkata Satish Kolli2, Stefan Arnaudov2

  • 1Department of Anaesthetics, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|February 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A heroin overdose led to respiratory arrest and a tense abdomen. Doctors relieved intra-abdominal pressure via umbilical cannula, finding no gastrointestinal perforation but gastric mucosal damage.

Keywords:
gastrointestinal surgerygeneral surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Opioid overdose can lead to severe complications.
  • Tension pneumoperitoneum is a rare but critical condition.
  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male presented with respiratory arrest post-heroin injection, GCS 13, and a distended, tense abdomen.
  • CT revealed massive tension pneumoperitoneum.
  • Laparotomy showed gastric wall petechiae and omental hematoma, but no perforation or organ injury.

Findings:

  • Umbilical cannula insertion successfully decompressed the abdomen.
  • Air leak tests and endoscopy revealed no gastrointestinal perforation.
  • Endoscopy showed mild esophagitis and gastric mucosal petechiae.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare presentation of tension pneumoperitoneum secondary to non-traumatic causes.
  • Timely decompression via umbilical catheterization can be life-saving.
  • Further investigation into the mechanism of pneumoperitoneum in this context is warranted.