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Dynamic Interactions between Top-Down Expectations and Conscious Awareness.

Erik L Meijs1, Heleen A Slagter1,2, Floris P de Lange1

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|February 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Top-down expectations enhance conscious stimulus perception. However, prediction errors can occur nonconsciously, dissociating expectation use from conscious awareness in the predictive brain.

Keywords:
attentional blinkconsciousnesselectroencephalographyexpectationvisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Perception and Consciousness

Background:

  • Top-down expectations influence perception, but their link to conscious awareness is unclear.
  • Understanding this relationship is vital for predictive brain theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how expectations impact conscious stimulus perception.
  • Determine if prediction errors are processed nonconsciously.
  • Examine if conscious awareness is necessary for expectation-driven perceptual decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments using human participants.
  • Manipulated stimulus predictability within the attentional blink paradigm.
  • Combined visual psychophysics with electrophysiological recordings.

Main Results:

  • Valid expectations increased the likelihood of conscious stimulus perception.
  • Demonstrated a dissociation: conscious awareness is crucial for top-down expectation implementation, but not for bottom-up prediction error generation.
  • Prediction errors can be triggered outside conscious awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Conscious awareness is essential for using top-down expectations in perception.
  • Prediction errors, crucial for learning, can be generated nonconsciously.
  • Findings refine theories on consciousness's role in the predictive brain.