Increased serum chemerin level to predict early onset of aortic valve stenosis

Inflammation appears to be the cause of aortic valve (AoV) stenosis and identification of predictive biomarkers is therefore imperative. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential role of serum chemerin and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) in the pathogenesis of the disease. A total of 102 patients were selected based on certain criteria and divided into an aortic stenosis group and a control group. Patients with AoV stenosis were subdivided into three groups depending on the severity according to the echocardiography criteria: Aortic jet velocity, Vmax (m/sec); mean pressure gradient, PG (mmHg); aortic valve area (AVA), cm²; and indexed AVA, cm²/m². Patients were graded as: Severe: Vmax >4 m/sec, PG >40 mmHg, AVA <1.0 cm², indexed AVA <0.6; moderate: Vmax 3.0-4.0 m/sec, PG 20-40 mmHg, AVA 1.0-1.5 cm², indexed AVA 0.60-0.85; mild: Vmax 2.5-2.9 m/sec, PG <20 mmHg, AVA >1.5 cm², indexed AVA >0.85. ELISA was used for the detection of chemerin and FGF-21. Post-hoc analysis with Tukey's correction was performed. The highest chemerin levels were found in mild and moderate AoV stenosis and decreased along with the grade of severity, compared with the control group. The FGF-21 level was increased in all the stenosis groups, reaching the highest level at severe stenosis. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of chemerin in all the AoV stenosis groups without grading the severity included, area under the curve (AUC)=0.76; 0.70-0.80= fair; P<0.001 and for mild AoV stenosis was AUC=0.82; 0.80-0.90= good; P<0.001. In conclusion, chemerin is a good diagnostic biomarker for mild AoV stenosis, while FGF-21 is a moderate diagnostic marker.