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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Published on: June 2, 2014
High brain serotonin levels in migraine between attacks: A 5-HT4 receptor binding PET study
Marie Deen1, Hanne D Hansen2, Anders Hougaard3
1Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Migraine patients show lower 5-HT4 receptor binding, suggesting higher brain serotonin levels, contrary to common belief. This finding may indicate a trait or consequence of migraine.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Radiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Migraine is often linked to low brain serotonin (5-HT) levels, but evidence is inconsistent.
- Brain 5-HT levels can be indirectly assessed using 5-HT4 receptor imaging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate brain 5-HT levels in migraine patients using 5-HT4 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
- To test the hypothesis that migraine patients have higher 5-HT4 receptor binding, indicating lower brain 5-HT levels.
Main Methods:
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed on 15 migraine patients and 16 controls using [11C]SB207145, a 5-HT4 receptor radioligand.
- Neocortical 5-HT4 receptor binding potential (BPND) was calculated and compared between groups.
- Analyses were corrected for 5-HTTLPR genotype, sex, and age.
Main Results:
- Migraine patients exhibited significantly lower neocortical 5-HT4 receptor binding compared to controls (0.60 ± 0.09 vs. 0.67 ± 0.05, p = 0.024).
- No correlation was found between 5-HT4 receptor binding and migraine attack frequency, duration, or time since the last attack.
Conclusions:
- Lower 5-HT4 receptor binding in migraine patients suggests higher brain 5-HT levels.
- This finding challenges the prevailing theory of low brain 5-HT in migraine.
- Elevated brain 5-HT may be an intrinsic trait or a result of migraine pathology.
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