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Case report: Guillain-Barre syndrome with pneumococcus - A new association in pediatrics

Hassan El Khatib1, Amal Naous1, Soha Ghanem1

  • 1Pediatric Department, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.

Idcases
|February 2, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Guillain-Barre Syndrome, a rare neurological condition, is linked to pneumococcal disease in a pediatric case. This study highlights a novel association between severe pneumococcal infections and Guillain-Barre Syndrome in children.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder causing acute flaccid paralysis, often triggered by infections.
  • Common GBS triggers include gastrointestinal and respiratory infections like Campylobacter, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and influenza.
  • Severe invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a known cause of meningitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel association between IPD and GBS in a pediatric patient.
  • To investigate the potential link between severe pneumococcal infections and neurological complications in children.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 13-year-old male presenting with symptoms of GBS.
  • Clinical evaluation and diagnostic workup for IPD, septic shock, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
  • Neurological assessment to confirm GBS findings.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed septic shock and ARDS secondary to pneumococcal infection.
  • Neurological examination revealed findings consistent with GBS.
  • This represents a previously undocumented association in the pediatric age group.

Conclusions:

  • Severe IPD can be associated with GBS in pediatric patients.
  • This case expands the known spectrum of GBS triggers.
  • Further research is warranted to understand this association in children.

Keywords:
ARDSGuillain-Barre syndromeMolecular mimicryPneumococcusStreptococcus

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