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Spherical Janus particles exhibit a unique directional response in channel flow, aligning perpendicular to flow and surfaces. This behavior, explained by a theoretical model, reveals how flow and proximity to surfaces influence microswimmer motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Microfluidics
  • Active Matter

Background:

  • Natural microswimmers display directed motion in flows, often attributed to complex shapes and kinematics.
  • Understanding active particle behavior in confined flows is crucial for micro-device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the directional response of spherical active particles in channel flow.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind microswimmer orientation near bounding surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study using catalytic Janus particles in a channel flow.
  • Development of a deterministic theoretical model for spherical microswimmers near a planar wall.
  • Inclusion of thermal noise to model experimental orientation distributions.

Main Results:

  • Spherical Janus particles align their propulsion axes nearly perpendicular to both flow direction and nearby surfaces.
  • The theoretical model successfully reproduces the observed directional response.
  • The interplay of shear flow and near-surface activity drives this emergent behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Spherical active particles exhibit robust directional responses in channel flows, contrary to expectations for simple shapes.
  • Near-surface hydrodynamics and flow gradients are key factors governing microswimmer orientation.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding and predicting active particle behavior in complex flow environments.