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Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

25.5K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
43.5K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

5.0K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
5.0K
Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

44.8K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
44.8K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.4K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.4K
Problem-Solving: Tuning of a Guitar String01:04

Problem-Solving: Tuning of a Guitar String

1.1K
In the case of stringed instruments like the guitar, the elastic property that determines the speed of the sound produced is its linear mass density or the mass per unit length. This is simply called the linear density. If the string's linear density is constant along the string, then the linear density is simply the total mass divided by the total length.
The string's wave speed can be regulated by varying the linear density. Tension is the other property that determines the speed of...
1.1K

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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion
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Tuning Wet Adhesion of Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayers.

Chao Li1, Yuanqing Gu1, Nicole S Zacharia1

  • 1Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Weak polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) exhibit tunable wet adhesion. Their adhesive performance, influenced by pH, salt concentration, and metal ions, can be optimized for specific applications.

Keywords:
layer-by-layer assemblypeel testpolyelectrolytessaltwet adhesive

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Weak polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) assembled via layer-by-layer methods become tacky in water.
  • The wet adhesive properties and their modulation by external stimuli remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wet adhesive performance of poly(ethylene imine)/poly(acrylic acid) PEMs.
  • To understand how pH, salt type, ionic strength, and metal ions affect adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 90° peel test to quantify wet adhesive performance.
  • Characterized films using zeta potential and shear rheometry.
  • Varied environmental conditions: pH, salt concentration, and metal ion type/concentration.

Main Results:

  • Adhesion was highest at neutral pH, decreasing in acidic/basic conditions.
  • Increased ionic strength generally reduced peel force, except for specific transition metal ions.
  • Transition metal ions, particularly Fe3+, significantly influenced peel force through coordination bonding.
  • Peel force showed a direct proportionality to peel rate.

Conclusions:

  • PEM wet adhesion is sensitive to environmental factors like pH and ionic strength.
  • Metal ion coordination offers a mechanism to tune PEM adhesion.
  • This study provides fundamental insights into PEM wet adhesion and ion interactions.