Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is a Nervous System?01:25

What is a Nervous System?

105.4K
Overview
105.4K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

222.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
222.3K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.7K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.7K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

60.3K
Overview
60.3K
The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

116.0K
Overview
116.0K
The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

104.1K
Overview
104.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microscopic fractional anisotropy outperforms multiple sclerosis lesion assessment and clinical outcome associations over standard fractional anisotropy tensor.

Human brain mapping·2024
Same author

Diffusion tensor imaging metrics associated with future disability in multiple sclerosis.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

Venous sinus thrombosis secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation after Clostridioides difficile infection.

Neurologia·2022
Same author

Neisseria meningitidis bacteraemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a coinfection that reminds previous epidemic outbreaks.

Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia·2022
Same author

Linezolid for infective endocarditis: A structured approach based on a national database experience.

Medicine·2021
Same author

Neoplastic meningitis in solid tumours: updated review of diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic management, and future directions.

Neurologia·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System
14:55

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2013

61.9K

[Antibiotic diffusion to central nervous system].

J M Cabrera-Maqueda1, L Fuentes Rumí, G Valero López

  • 1José María Cabrera Maqueda, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca de Murcia, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, 30120, El Palmar (Murcia). Spain. josemaria.olvera@gmail.com.

Revista Espanola De Quimioterapia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Quimioterapia
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treating central nervous system (CNS) infections with drug-resistant pathogens is challenging. Optimizing antibiotic selection and administration, considering blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, is key for effective CNS infection treatment.

More Related Videos

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY
10:28

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

Published on: June 30, 2016

14.1K
Isolation of Mononuclear Cells from the Central Nervous System of Rats with EAE
20:51

Isolation of Mononuclear Cells from the Central Nervous System of Rats with EAE

Published on: December 4, 2007

16.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System
14:55

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2013

61.9K
Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY
10:28

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

Published on: June 30, 2016

14.1K
Isolation of Mononuclear Cells from the Central Nervous System of Rats with EAE
20:51

Isolation of Mononuclear Cells from the Central Nervous System of Rats with EAE

Published on: December 4, 2007

16.8K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) infections pose therapeutic challenges, particularly with drug-resistant pathogens.
  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the passage of substances, including antibiotics, into the CNS.
  • Effective antibiotic treatment requires understanding drug penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physicochemical properties of antibiotics relevant to CNS penetration.
  • To identify promising antibiotic candidates for treating CNS infections.
  • To guide the optimal clinical use of antibiotics in CNS infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physicochemical properties of major antibiotic classes.
  • Analysis of factors influencing drug entry into the CSF (e.g., lipophilicity, protein binding, transport systems).
  • Evaluation of the CSF/serum area under the curve ratio (AUCCSF/AUCS) as a key penetration parameter.

Main Results:

  • Certain antibiotics like linezolid, fluoroquinolones, and metronidazole achieve adequate CSF concentrations.
  • Antibiotics with low BBB permeability may require direct intraventricular administration alongside intravenous therapy.
  • Ideal antibiotics for CNS infections possess specific physicochemical characteristics (small size, moderate lipophilicity, low protein binding, low efflux pump affinity).

Conclusions:

  • Understanding antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics at the BBB is crucial for optimizing CNS infection treatment.
  • Physicochemical properties guide the selection of antibiotics for CNS infections.
  • This review provides insights for daily clinical practice in managing CNS infections.