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Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Heat02:46

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
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Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats
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Thickness measurement by two-sided step-heating thermal imaging.

Xiaoli Li1, Ning Tao1, J G Sun2

  • 1Beijing Key Lab for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Key Lab of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 3, 2018
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A new two-sided step-heating infrared thermal imaging method accurately predicts the thickness of thick stainless steel objects. This nondestructive technique expands thermal imaging applications for material thickness measurement.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-Destructive Testing
  • Thermal Analysis

Background:

  • Infrared thermal imaging is a nondestructive technique for thickness prediction.
  • Current methods are typically limited to thin objects or near-surface structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and verify a novel two-sided step-heating thermal imaging method for predicting the thickness of thick objects.
  • To expand the applicability of thermal imaging beyond thin materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a low-cost portable halogen lamp for a two-sided step-heating approach.
  • Derived one-dimensional step-heating thermography theory, accounting for lamp warm-up time.
  • Applied nonlinear regression to fit experimental data for thickness determination.

Main Results:

  • Successfully verified the method with stainless steel step wedges (5 mm to 24 mm thickness).
  • Demonstrated the capability of the method for testing thick objects.
  • Established criteria for data length and applicable thickness range.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-sided step-heating thermal imaging method is reliable and accurate for measuring the thickness of thick objects.
  • This technique broadens the scope of thermal imaging applications in thickness measurement.