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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
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Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

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The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
Occluding or Tight...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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Marked differences in tight junction composition and macromolecular permeability among different intestinal cell

Sarah C Pearce1,2, Arwa Al-Jawadi1, Kunihiro Kishida1,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.

BMC Biology
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Intestinal stem cell differentiation alters tight junction (TJ) protein composition, increasing macromolecular permeability. These changes in TJ regulation are reversible, impacting the intestinal barrier function.

Keywords:
ClaudinDifferentiationEnterocyteEpitheliaLeak pathwayParacellularPermeabilitySmall intestineStem cellsTight junction

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In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability
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An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epithelial Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian small intestinal tight junctions (TJs) form a permselective barrier between epithelial cells.
  • This barrier regulates ion and macromolecule passage, crucial for nutrient absorption and preventing pathogen entry.
  • Limited information exists on TJ composition and permeability in non-enterocyte intestinal cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how intestinal stem cell differentiation affects TJ composition and paracellular permeability.
  • To characterize TJ protein expression and distribution in distinct intestinal cell types.
  • To determine the reversibility of TJ changes during cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Murine intestinal crypts were directed to form organoids enriched in specific cell types (ISCs, ENTs, goblet, Paneth cells).
  • TJ protein expression and localization were analyzed using immunofluorescence.
  • Paracellular permeability was assessed using dextran flux assays.
  • The effects of TJ-regulator larazotide and TJ-disrupter AT1002 were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Organoids exhibited cell-type-specific TJ protein expression patterns.
  • Enterocyte (ENT) and goblet cell-enriched organoids showed significantly higher macromolecular permeability compared to stem and Paneth cell organoids.
  • Forced dedifferentiation of mature ENTs restored ISC-like TJ composition and permeability.
  • AT1002 nonselectively increased permeability, which was blocked by larazotide.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal stem cell differentiation into mature cell types induces significant, potentially reversible, changes in TJ composition.
  • These changes enhance macromolecular permeability, particularly in the leak pathway between enterocytes and goblet cells.
  • Cell differentiation plays a critical role in regulating the paracellular pathway and barrier function of intestinal epithelia.