Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026
11:52
Temporal Ordering of Dynamic Expression Data from Detailed Spatial Expression Maps
Published on: February 9, 2017
6.5K
Spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria in Madagascar
Felana A Ihantamalala1,2, Feno M J Rakotoarimanana1, Tanjona Ramiadantsoa3
1Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Malaria Journal
|February 3, 2018
Summary
Malaria incidence in Madagascar increased from 2010-2014, with high-risk areas expanding into new zones. This study highlights critical districts for targeted malaria control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Spatial analysis
- Public health
Background:
- Malaria poses a significant health challenge in Madagascar.
- The country is stratified into five zones based on malaria transmission intensity.
- Understanding spatial and temporal malaria dynamics is crucial for control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria across Madagascar's epidemiological strata.
- To identify shifts in malaria incidence and high-risk areas over time.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of reported uncomplicated malaria cases from 112 health districts (2010-2014).
- Calculation of Standardized Incidence Ratio to detect anomalous district-level incidence.
- Identification and analysis of spatial and temporal malaria clusters.
Main Results:
- Malaria incidence rose across all strata between 2010 and 2014.
- High-incidence districts were primarily in the East and West strata, expanding into Highlands and Fringe zones.
- Malaria clusters in coastal regions migrated southward, with peak incidence from January to July.
Conclusions:
- Identified districts shifting from low to high malaria incidence and consistent high-incidence areas.
- Provides a detailed epidemiological description to guide Madagascar's national malaria program.
- Aids in targeting interventions to prevent disease expansion.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Dynamic Equilibrium
63.5K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
63.5K
01:10¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution
1.7K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.7K
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
2.1K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.1K
01:19Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
1.3K
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
1.3K
00:52¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution
1.3K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.3K
01:08Equation of Rotational Dynamics
14.9K
Angular variables are introduced in rotational dynamics. Comparing the definitions of angular variables with the definitions of linear kinematic variables, it is seen that there is a mapping of the linear variables to the rotational ones. Linear displacement, velocity, and acceleration have their equivalents in rotational motion, which are angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Similar to the rotational variables, a mapping exists from Newton's second law of motion...
14.9K