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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.1K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

18.6K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.6K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.2K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.9K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS
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Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS

Published on: January 7, 2016

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Spatial and Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Functionally Distinct Human Dermal Fibroblast

Christina Philippeos1, Stephanie B Telerman1, Bénédicte Oulès1

  • 1King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Human skin contains at least four distinct fibroblast populations with unique functions. These fibroblast subpopulations may offer new therapeutic strategies for wound healing and fibrotic diseases.

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

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Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

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Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS
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Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

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Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 7, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Previous research identified distinct fibroblast lineages in mouse dermis.
  • Understanding fibroblast heterogeneity in human skin is crucial for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity of dermal fibroblasts in adult human skin.
  • To identify and characterize distinct human fibroblast subpopulations and their functions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative spatial and single-cell transcriptional profiling of human and mouse dermal fibroblasts.
  • Isolation of fibroblast subpopulations using defined markers.
  • Functional assays including Wnt signaling, IFN-γ responsiveness, and epidermal reconstitution support.

Main Results:

  • Identified at least four distinct fibroblast populations in adult human skin.
  • Defined specific markers for isolating these subpopulations.
  • Demonstrated retained distinct functionalities in culture, including Wnt signaling, IFN-γ response, and support for epidermal reconstitution.

Conclusions:

  • Human skin harbors diverse fibroblast subpopulations with specialized functions.
  • These findings suggest potential therapeutic applications for fibroblast manipulation in wound healing and fibrotic conditions.