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Myopia prevalence in Canadian school children: a pilot study.

Mike Yang1, Doerte Luensmann2, Desmond Fonn2

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Myopia prevalence significantly increases with age in Canadian children, with higher rates in older age groups. Increased outdoor time may help reduce myopia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a growing global health concern, particularly among children.
  • Understanding the prevalence and contributing factors of myopia in diverse populations is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of myopia in children aged 6-13 in a Canadian suburban region.
  • To assess the proportion of uncorrected myopia within this population.
  • To investigate potential environmental factors, such as outdoor activity, associated with myopia.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 166 children aged 6-8 and 11-13.
  • Refraction with cycloplegia and ocular biometry (axial length) were performed.
  • Myopia defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤-0.50 D.
  • Parents completed questionnaires on children's daily activities, including outdoor time.

Main Results:

  • Overall myopia prevalence was 17.5%, with significantly higher rates in older children (28.9% in 11-13 year olds vs. 6.0% in 6-8 year olds).
  • Axial length increased significantly with age (p < 0.01).
  • Each additional hour of outdoor time per week was associated with a 14.3% reduction in the odds of myopia (p = 0.007).

Conclusions:

  • Myopia prevalence escalates sharply during childhood, from 6% in younger children to 29% in older children.
  • A substantial proportion (35%) of myopic children in this cohort remained uncorrected.
  • Increased time spent outdoors appears to be a protective factor against myopia development in children.