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Endocrine Abnormalities in Adolescents with Menstrual Disorders.

Siddhesh R Rajiwade1, Haritha Sagili2, R Soundravally3

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Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
|February 3, 2018
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Summary

Adolescent girls with menstrual disorders, particularly oligomenorrhea, show higher rates of thyroid dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. These endocrine abnormalities warrant further investigation in cases of irregular menstruation.

Keywords:
AdolescentsHyperandrogenismHyperprolactinemiaPCOSThyroid disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Adolescent Gynecology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Menstrual disorders are common in adolescents.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis immaturity is often cited as the primary cause.
  • However, underlying endocrine abnormalities may contribute significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate endocrine abnormalities such as thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinemia, and hyperandrogenism in adolescents with menstrual irregularities.
  • To compare the endocrine status of adolescents with menstrual disorders to those without.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted on adolescent girls aged 10-19 years.
  • Venous blood samples were analyzed for thyroid function tests, serum prolactin, and total testosterone using a chemiluminescence system.

Main Results:

  • Oligomenorrhea was the most frequent menstrual abnormality (61.0%).
  • Thyroid dysfunction (13.6% vs 3.5%) and biochemical hyperandrogenism (9.04% vs 0.7%) were significantly more prevalent in adolescents with menstrual disorders.
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) prevalence was 22.6% in cases, with oligomenorrhea being a common phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • While hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis immaturity is a common cause of menstrual irregularities, endocrine issues like thyroid dysfunction and hyperandrogenism are significant contributing factors.
  • Evaluation for these endocrine abnormalities is crucial in adolescent girls presenting with menstrual disorders.