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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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MicroRNAs and Presbycusis.

Weiming Hu1, Junwu Wu2,3, Wenjing Jiang1

  • 11Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.

Aging and Disease
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and aging. This review explores how miRNAs impact age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) and discusses potential miRNA-targeted therapies for this common condition.

Keywords:
agingmicroRNAspresbycusisprogressive hair cell degenerationtarget gene

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, is a widespread degenerative condition affecting cochlear cells in the elderly.
  • Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and cellular aging processes.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA expression, potentially due to germline mutations, is implicated in hair cell degeneration and hearing loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the development of presbycusis.
  • To explore the functional roles of miRNAs in the aging cochlea and age-related hearing loss.
  • To present innovative therapeutic strategies targeting miRNAs for presbycusis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on miRNAs and presbycusis.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA expression patterns in aging mammalian tissues.
  • Examination of the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate target messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Main Results:

  • Various miRNAs exhibit altered expression levels during mammalian aging in a tissue-specific manner.
  • miRNAs primarily function by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to decrease gene expression.
  • Germline mutations can disrupt miRNA regulation, leading to progressive hair cell degeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA function in presbycusis is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays a significant role in age-related hearing loss.
  • Targeting miRNAs offers promising therapeutic avenues for combating presbycusis.