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Related Experiment Video

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Does letter rotation slow down orthographic processing in word recognition?

Manuel Perea1,2, Ana Marcet3, María Fernández-López3

  • 1Departamento de Metodología and ERI-Lectura, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain. mperea@uv.es.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Letter rotation does not impede early word recognition. Rotated words activate orthographic representations as effectively as upright words, challenging existing models of visual word recognition.

Keywords:
Lexical decisionMasked primingRotated lettersWord recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Neural models of visual word recognition posit that letter rotation hinders orthographic representation.
  • This suggests rotated primes should be less effective than upright primes in activating word representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of letter rotation on the initial stages of visual word recognition.
  • To test whether rotated primes are less effective in activating orthographic/lexical representations compared to upright primes.

Main Methods:

  • A masked priming lexical decision experiment was conducted.
  • Participants viewed vertically presented words, either rotated 90° or in marquee format (upright).
  • Masked identity and transposed-letter priming effects were measured.

Main Results:

  • Significant masked identity and transposed-letter priming effects were observed.
  • These priming effects were comparable in magnitude for both rotated and marquee words.
  • Letter rotation did not reduce the effectiveness of priming.

Conclusions:

  • The initial access to orthographic/lexical representations is not slowed by letter rotation.
  • Current neural models may need revision regarding the processing of rotated letters.
  • Reading costs associated with letter rotation do not originate from early visual processing stages.