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Cortical oscillations and entrainment in speech processing during working memory load.

Jens Hjortkjaer1,2, Jonatan Märcher-Rørsted1, Søren A Fuglsang1

  • 1Hearing Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 352, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory load impacts how the brain processes speech. Increased cognitive demands reduce auditory cortical entrainment to speech, suggesting top-down control over speech processing.

Keywords:
EEGalpha and theta oscillationsn-back taskpupillometryspeech entrainment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Processing

Background:

  • Neuronal oscillations are crucial for working memory (WM) and speech comprehension.
  • Real-life speech perception is cognitively demanding, but the effect of WM load on auditory cortical entrainment to speech remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how working memory load affects auditory cortical entrainment to speech envelope fluctuations.
  • To explore the neural correlates of cognitive load during speech processing using an auditory n-back paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG), pupil dilation, and behavioral performance measures in 22 subjects.
  • Employed an auditory n-back task with continuous speech stimuli embedded in varying levels of background noise to manipulate WM load.
  • Measured speech entrainment via linear mapping between speech envelope and low-frequency cortical activity (< 13 Hz).

Main Results:

  • Increased WM load correlated with decreased posterior alpha power and increased pupil dilation, consistent with general WM load effects.
  • Frontal theta power increased with task initiation and higher WM load levels.
  • Higher WM load (both n-back level and background noise) significantly reduced cortical speech envelope entrainment, though entrainment persisted.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory load modulates auditory cortical activity and its synchronization to speech features.
  • Findings suggest a top-down influence of working memory processing on auditory cortical entrainment to speech.
  • Oscillatory changes (alpha and theta power) reflect general cognitive load during speech processing.