Respiratory-digestive tract fistula: two-center retrospective observational study

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Aerodigestive fistulae are abnormal connections between the digestive and respiratory tracts.
• Common symptoms include choking, coughing, feeding difficulties, tachycardia, and pneumonia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the management of 27 cases of acquired aerodigestive fistulae.
• To analyze different types, levels, and treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective observational study of 27 patients over 5 years in Saudi Arabia.
• Data collected on fistula type, etiology, presentation, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

• Most common fistulae: tracheoesophageal (8), esophagobronchial (6), esophagopleural (5).
• Leading causes: iatrogenic (4 post-endoscopic) and esophageal cancer.
• Presentations: fever, choking, tachycardia. Treatments varied, including conservative, surgical, and endoscopic approaches.
• Mortality (6/27) linked to advanced cancer or airway obstruction.

Conclusions:

• Acquired aerodigestive fistula is a severe condition.
• Early and aggressive management by a multidisciplinary team is crucial.