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Related Concept Videos

Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

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The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
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Related Rates01:18

Related Rates

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When two or more physical quantities are linked by a single relationship, a change in one variable necessarily affects the others. This interdependence forms the basis of related rates analysis, which examines how different quantities change with respect to time. A classic physical example is an expanding balloon, where the size of the balloon changes continuously as air is added.For a hot air balloon, the inflated envelope is commonly idealized as a perfect sphere to simplify mathematical...
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Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

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Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
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Concentration and Rate Law03:03

Concentration and Rate Law

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The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
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Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
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Immunisation rates among children in Nuuk.

Nadja Albertsen1, Ivalu Meincke Fencker1, Heidi Egede Noasen2

  • 1a Department of Medicine , Queen Ingrid Hospital , Nuuk , Greenland.

International Journal of Circumpolar Health
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Childhood immunisation rates in Nuuk, Greenland, were assessed. While younger children had acceptable coverage, older children showed significantly lower rates than WHO recommendations, highlighting a need for improved monitoring.

Keywords:
ArcticGreenlandMeaslesVaccinationsWHOimmunisationsinfectious diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Greenland's childhood immunisation programme aligns with Denmark's, including Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccines.
  • Immunisation coverage rates among children in Greenland have historically been unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate childhood immunisation rates in Nuuk, Greenland, between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2016.
  • To identify disparities in vaccination coverage across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Statistical extraction identified eligible children in Nuuk's immunisation programme.
  • Medical records were reviewed to determine vaccination status.

Main Results:

  • Acceptable immunisation coverage rates were observed for children under 12 months.
  • Coverage rates dropped significantly for older children, falling below World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.
  • Vaccination rates for children aged 15 months to 4 years were as low as 33.9%.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for increased awareness and continuous monitoring of childhood immunisation rates in Nuuk.
  • Adjustments to the organisation of the immunisation programme may be necessary to improve coverage for older children.