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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
Published on: February 28, 2013
Population-Based Cohort Study on Dementia Risk in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Chia-Lun Kuo1,2, Chin-Li Lu2, Ya-Hui Chang2
1Department of Psychiatry, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan.
Background:
The risk of dementia increases by 15-28% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, studies on dementia risk in type 1 DM have been neither comprehensive nor conclusive.
Methods:
We carried out a cohort study involving 1,077 patients registered to have type 1 DM from 1998 to 2009 and 32,310 matched non-DM controls who were selected from Taiwan National Health Insurance Claims. These participants were followed up from their first clinical appearance for type 1 DM treatment in 1998-2009 to the date of dementia diagnosis or the last day of 2011. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia incidence.
Results:
The incidence rates of dementia reached 42.8 and 13.1 per 104 person-years for the type 1 DM and control groups respectively. The adjusted HR of dementia in patients with type 1 DM was estimated at 3.01 (95% CI 2.18-4.14) after adjustment for demographics, comorbidity, urbanization, monthly income, and annual frequency of ambulatory care visits. No significant difference in sex-specific HR was observed.
Conclusions:
The relative risk of developing dementia (118-314%) in patients with type 1 DM was much higher than the -previously reported relative risk (15-28%) associated with type 2 DM.
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