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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Modified In vitro Invasion Assay to Determine the Potential Role of Hormones, Cytokines and/or Growth Factors in Mediating Cancer Cell Invasion

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Published on: April 24, 2015

A new in vitro method to determine sun protection factor.

Xin Qu, Xiaomin Zhao, Zhihua Chen

Journal of Cosmetic Science

|February 3, 2018

Summary

A novel in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) testing method using Gafchromic EBT3 film offers an accurate, cost-effective alternative to current standards. This new approach eliminates the need for UV spectrophotometers for sun care product efficacy evaluation.

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Photobiology
Radiometry

Background:

Standardized in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) testing methods are crucial for evaluating sun care product efficacy.
Current methods often rely on expensive and complex equipment like UV spectrophotometers.
There is a need for more accessible and cost-effective in vitro SPF testing methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate a new in vitro SPF test method utilizing Gafchromic EBT3 film.
To assess the accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and reproducibility of this novel method compared to existing standards.
To determine the applicability of the new method across various sun care product formulations.

Main Methods:

The proposed method is based on ultraviolet (UV) dose cumulative response protocols.

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Gafchromic EBT3 film, a self-developing dosimetry film, is employed for UV measurement.

SPF values of 15 commercial sun care products were measured using EBT3 film.

Main Results:

The new in vitro SPF test method demonstrated accuracy when compared to labeled in vivo SPF values.
Measurements were consistent across diverse product types, including lotions, BB creams, foundations, and sprays.
The method proved to be cost-effective and reproducible, showing reliable results.

Conclusions:

The Gafchromic EBT3 film-based in vitro SPF test method is a viable and advantageous alternative for sun care product efficacy assessment.
This method offers a simpler, more economical, and reproducible approach compared to traditional spectrophotometer-based techniques.
The findings support the adoption of this new method for a wider range of sun care products with various UV filters.