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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

279
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
279
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

335
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
335
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

334
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

251
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
251
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

316
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
316
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.4K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Pediatric Sepsis Update: How Are Children Different?

Bryanna M Emr1,2, Alicia M Alcamo3, Joseph A Carcillo3

  • 11 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Surgical Infections
|February 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric sepsis presents unique challenges compared to adult sepsis, differing in symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. This review highlights key distinctions in pediatric sepsis to improve patient care.

Keywords:
cold shockpediatric sepsissepsis biomarkerssepsis resuscitationwarm shock

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Sepsis pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sepsis shares commonalities but has critical differences in children versus adults.
  • Pediatric sepsis diagnosis is challenging due to subtle vital sign and examination changes.
  • Knowledge gaps exist in pediatric sepsis management, including ventilation, monitoring, and resuscitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the key differences between pediatric and adult sepsis.
  • To provide a comparative overview of sepsis in these distinct patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric and adult sepsis.
  • Comparative analysis of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations exist in the etiology and presentation of sepsis in children.
  • Differences in resuscitation techniques and patient outcomes are observed between pediatric and adult sepsis cases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of pediatric sepsis.
  • This review addresses critical distinctions in sepsis etiology, presentation, resuscitation, and outcomes in children compared to adults.