Barriers to immunization among newcomers: A systematic review

Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence exploring vaccine decision-making among newcomers. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies aimed at identifying factors that influence newcomers' decision-making with regards to vaccination.

We conducted a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central. To be included, studies needed to employ a qualitative methodology and address newcomer attitudes, beliefs, and/or perceptions regarding vaccination. Two independent reviewers screened the articles for relevant information and applied a content analysis methodology to code the identified barriers.

Twenty-one studies were included in this review, and four types of barriers were identified: cultural factors, knowledge barriers, insufficient access to healthcare, and vaccine hesitancy. Insufficient knowledge about vaccination and the virus being prevented and concerns about safety were the most commonly reported barriers. A sub-analysis of barriers specific to HPV indicated that cultural beliefs about sexuality and incomplete knowledge about the role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer are major barriers to vaccine uptake.

Strategies to improve vaccination uptake in newcomers should consider focusing on the barriers identified in this review while taking into account the unique opportunities for promoting uptake within newcomer populations.