Prediction of a peptidome for the ecotoxicological model Hyalella azteca (Crustacea; Amphipoda) using a de novo...

Due to its sensitivity to many environmental and anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemical compounds, Hyalella azteca, a freshwater amphipod, has emerged as one of the most commonly used invertebrates for ecotoxicological assessment.Peptidergic signaling systems are key components in the control of organism-environment interactions, and there is a growing literature suggesting that they are targets of a number of aquatic toxicants.Interestingly, and despite its model species status in the field of ecotoxicology, little is known about the peptide hormones of H. azteca.Here, a transcriptome was produced for this species using the de novo assembler Trinity and mined for sequences encoding putative peptide precursors; the transcriptome was assembled from 460,291,636 raw reads and consists of 133,486 unique transcripts.Seventy-six sequences encoding peptide pre/preprohormones were identified from this transcriptome, allowing for the prediction of 202 distinct peptides, which included members of the allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C, allatotropin, bursicon, CCHamide, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone/molt-inhibiting hormone, ecdysis-triggering hormone, eclosion hormone, elevenin, FMRFamide-like peptide, glycoprotein hormone, GSEFLamide, inotocin, leucokinin, myosuppressin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, orcomyotropin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, red pigment concentrating hormone, RYamide, short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin, tachykinin-related peptide and trissin families.These peptides expand the known peptidome for H. azteca approximately nine-fold, forming a strong foundation for future studies of peptidergic control, including disruption by aquatic toxicants, in this important ecotoxicological model.