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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
Recent developments in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer
James Luke Godwin1, Jean Hoffman-Censits1, Elizabeth Plimack2
1Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
Abstract:
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a common malignancy which has historically been difficult to treat in its advanced stages. Clinically effective treatment options for locally advanced/inoperable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) consisted of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens, with few other impactful therapeutic options. The past 2 years have seen a remarkable shift in the therapeutic landscape of mUC, with 5 novel immunotherapy agents receiving FDA approval for mUC, including first-line and second-line postplatinum settings. There are now many important clinical trials ongoing seeking to answer how best to use chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy agents in patients with mUC. Here we review the current standard of care for patients with mUC based on published data from the past 2 years, and look forward toward future research directions.
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