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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Interleukin-10 Directly Inhibits CD8+ T Cell Function by Enhancing N-Glycan Branching to Decrease Antigen

Logan K Smith1, Giselle M Boukhaled2, Stephanie A Condotta1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Immunity
|February 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) dampens CD8+ T cell responses during chronic viral infections by altering cell surface glycosylation. This mechanism increases the activation threshold, promoting viral persistence.

Keywords:
CD8(+) T cellsMgat5antigen sensitivitychronic infectiongalectin 3glycosylationimmune regulationinterleukin 10

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Chronic viral infections pose significant global health challenges.
  • The cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is implicated in viral persistence.
  • Mechanisms by which IL-10 establishes chronic infection are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IL-10 in regulating CD8+ T cell function during chronic viral infections.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which IL-10 contributes to viral persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD8+ T cell antigen sensitivity in chronic infection models.
  • Assessment of IL-10-induced gene expression, specifically Mgat5.
  • Investigation of cell surface glycosylation patterns and their impact on T cell activation.

Main Results:

  • CD8+ T cell antigen sensitivity is reduced during chronic infection, mediated by IL-10.
  • IL-10 upregulates Mgat5 expression, a glycosyltransferase.
  • Enhanced N-glycan branching on CD8+ T cells forms a galectin-3 lattice, restricting glycoprotein interactions and increasing the T cell activation threshold.

Conclusions:

  • IL-10 directly impairs CD8+ T cell activation and function by modifying cell surface glycosylation.
  • This IL-10-mediated mechanism facilitates the establishment and maintenance of chronic viral infections.