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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

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Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
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Oscillatory interlayer coupling in spin Hall systems.

A M Gonçalves1, F Garcia1, H K Lee2

  • 1Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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|February 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We discovered that magnetic properties in permalloy/copper/platinum multilayers oscillate with copper thickness. This is due to interlayer coupling, impacting spintronics device performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Spintronics applications rely on ultrathin magnetic and nonmagnetic multilayers.
  • Understanding interfacial magnetism and spin transport is crucial for device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate interfacial magnetism and spin transport in permalloy/copper/platinum multilayer systems.
  • Determine the effect of copper thickness on magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of permalloy/copper/platinum multilayer systems.
  • Measurement of magnetic damping, perpendicular anisotropy, and proximity magnetization.
  • Analysis of the correlation between these properties and copper thickness.

Main Results:

  • Observed correlated oscillations in magnetic damping, perpendicular anisotropy, and proximity magnetization.
  • These oscillations are dependent on the copper layer thickness.
  • Identified an oscillatory interlayer coupling between permalloy and platinum as the cause.

Conclusions:

  • Interlayer coupling in permalloy/copper/platinum systems is oscillatory and thickness-dependent.
  • This coupling significantly influences interfacial magnetism and spin transport.
  • Findings have implications for optimizing spintronics device performance.