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Preparation of Thermoresponsive Nanostructured Surfaces for Tissue Engineering
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A thermoresponsive, citrate-based macromolecule for bone regenerative engineering.

Simona Morochnik1, Yunxiao Zhu2, Chongwen Duan2

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|February 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Functionalized thermoresponsive polymers promote new bone growth. Modified poly(poly-ethyleneglycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN) hydrogels enhanced osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo, offering a promising material for bone regeneration.

Keywords:
bioengineeringbone µCTfracture healingmatrix mineralizationstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Orthopaedic and craniomaxillofacial surgeries require bone graft substitutes that are easy to handle, conform to defects, and promote new bone formation.
  • Thermoresponsive polymers offer potential for injectable, shape-conforming materials due to their liquid-to-gel transition at physiological temperatures.
  • The osteoinductive capacity of thermoresponsive polymers remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the osteoinductive potential of functionalized thermoresponsive polymers.
  • To evaluate poly(poly-ethyleneglycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN) modified with strontium, phosphate, and/or cyclic RGD peptide.
  • To assess the in vitro and in vivo bone formation capabilities of these functionalized hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of functionalized PPCN hydrogels.
  • Assessment of thermoresponsive properties and in vitro osteodifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
  • In vivo evaluation of PPCN-Sr in subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation models in mice.

Main Results:

  • All functionalized PPCN formulations exhibited thermoresponsive behavior and induced osteodifferentiation of stem cells without external supplements.
  • PPCN-Sr demonstrated the highest osteoinductive potential in vitro.
  • PPCN-Sr induced significant localized mineralization and osteogenesis in vivo, with no detectable strontium in major organs.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized PPCN hydrogels possess inherent osteoinductive properties.
  • PPCN-Sr is a highly effective formulation for promoting bone formation in vivo.
  • These materials show promise for applications in bone regeneration and repair.