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Overload blunts baroreflex only in overreached athletes.

Nicolas Bourdillon1, Sasan Yazdani2, Masih Nilchian3

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Autonomic Function

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a common metric for assessing athlete overreaching and training response.
  • Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is influenced by training load and may offer an alternative method for detecting overreaching.
  • Understanding autonomic responses to training overload is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and preventing detraining.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in BRS and HRV in athletes experiencing either a negative (FOR) or positive (AF) response to a standardized training overload.
  • To compare the sensitivity of BRS and HRV in detecting overreaching and performance changes during a training intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen athletes underwent a 2-week baseline, followed by a 3-week overload (+45%), and a 2-week recovery (-20%) training period.
  • Daily monitoring of HRV, training load, and subjective fatigue.
  • Periodic assessment of BRS, salivary cortisol and testosterone, and submaximal and maximal exercise performance.

Main Results:

  • Athletes were categorized as FOR (n=8) or AF (n=7) based on performance changes during overload.
  • Increased subjective fatigue was noted in FOR athletes during the overload phase.
  • BRS increased in AF athletes during recovery but remained unchanged in FOR athletes.
  • Cortisol and testosterone levels were elevated post-recovery in both groups compared to baseline.

Conclusions:

  • Similar training overload can lead to either performance enhancement or overreaching in athletes.
  • Submaximal and maximal performance changes, along with subjective fatigue, were rapid indicators differentiating FOR and AF athletes.
  • Training overload impaired BRS increase in FOR athletes, with differences most apparent during recovery.
  • BRS demonstrates higher sensitivity than HRV for early detection of training response in athletes.