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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Interphase Fluorescence in situ Hybridization of Bone Marrow Smears of Multiple Myeloma
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[Expression Level and Clinical Significance of VEGF, IL-17, β2-MG and IL-35 in Patients with Multiple Myeloma]

Xiao-Na Jin1, Bao-Zhen Zhou1, Dang-Feng Zhang2

  • 1Xi' an International University of Medicine, Xi' an 710077, Shaanxi Province,China.

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
|February 6, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) levels increase with multiple myeloma progression. Conversely, Interleukin-35 (IL-35) levels decrease, indicating their clinical significance in disease management.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells.
  • Biomarkers are crucial for monitoring disease progression and prognosis in MM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns and clinical relevance of VEGF, IL-17, β2-MG, and IL-35 in multiple myeloma patients.
  • To establish correlations between these biomarkers and disease staging and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Serum levels of IL-17, IL-35, and VEGF were quantified using ELISA.
  • Serum β2-MG levels were measured via radioimmunoassay.
  • Comparative analysis was performed between 83 MM patients and 36 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum levels of IL-17, VEGF, and β2-MG were observed in advanced stages (III > II > I) and during disease progression compared to controls.
  • Conversely, IL-35 levels were significantly higher in the control group than in all MM stages and phases.
  • IL-17 positively correlated with VEGF and β2-MG, and negatively with IL-35.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant expression of IL-17, IL-35, VEGF, and β2-MG is associated with the progression and prognosis of multiple myeloma.
  • These biomarkers hold potential for clinical application in managing MM.

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