Natural history of spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection after conservative treatment

Optimal treatment of spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD) is not well established because the natural history of this rare disease is poorly understood. We analyzed the natural history of patients who underwent conservative treatment.

The study included 28 patients with SICAD from December 2008 to January 2017. Our institutional policy of first-line treatment for SICAD patients was conservative, and invasive procedures were reserved for unstable complications such as severe persistent pain, significant organ malperfusion, rapid aneurysmal change, and rupture or concealed rupture. Demographics, clinical features, morphologic characteristics on computed tomography, treatment modalities, and follow-up results of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Mean age was 52 years, and 89% of patients were male; 86% presented with pain, mostly abdominal, and 14% of cases were detected incidentally on abdominal imaging. None of these patients had unstable complications on admission, and all underwent initial conservative treatment. During the follow-up period (22 ± 20 months), aneurysmal change and propagation of thrombosis were noted in one patient and two patients, respectively, all of whom were managed conservatively without adverse clinical events. No difference in clinical and morphologic outcomes was noted between patients who were treated with antihypertensive therapy and those who were not. Patients with intramural hematoma on initial images showed dynamic vascular remodeling (partial to complete resorption) during the follow-up period compared with patients who had dominant intimal flap on initial images.

The clinical course of patients with SICAD was benign. Even progressive vascular changes during follow-up did not require invasive treatment. Antihypertensive therapy might not modify the clinical course. The short-term results of conservative management are encouraging, but further evaluation with long-term follow-up in a large population is needed.